Complete Summary Of The Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

Act 1 Scene 1 On a boat heading once again from his little girls wedding, the ruler of Naples and his men are cleared up in a gigantic tempest. The team does all that they can, yet the boat crashes on a clearly remote location. Act 1 Scene 2 Abandoned on the equivalent remote location for a long time, the previous duke of Milan attempts to disclose the circumstance to his little girl, Miranda. He discloses to her the narrative of his sibling and the lord, who organized he and Miranda to be lost adrift, so his sibling can have his title. He clarifies likewise that he evoked the tempest by enchantment and guaranteed that nobody was hurt. Prospero then charms Miranda and to rest, and request his soul worker, Ariel, to catch wind of the aftereffects of the tempest. Prospero stirs Miranda and chooses to visit another of his slaves, Caliban. The slave attempts to escape his subjugation, but since of past violations he’s submitted, Prospero compromises him in the process of childbirth. Ariel ensures that Ferdinand, the ruler of Naples, runs into Prospero and Miranda. The youthful ones fall in a split second infatuated, and so as to keep them in this way, Prospero subjugates Ferdinand. Act 2 Scene 1 The King and his men have arrived at the island securely yet they are disheartened by the loss of Ferdinand. The men attempt to support the lord disclosing to him that they will discover his child and beneficiary, yet he won’t be effectively cheered. Attempting to postpone their pursuit, Ariel places a spell on everybody except Sebastien and Antonio. The spell causes the men to rest, and keeping in mind that their friends are sleeping, Antonio persuades Sebastian to execute Alanso. Sebastian is Alonso’s sibling, and since the beneficiary to the seat is missing, if the lord was slaughtered Sebastian would acquire the seat. After some thought, Sebastian concurs and they begin to assault the resting men. Ariel, seeing their arrangement, unexpectedly wakes the ruler and his men upsetting their arrangement. The men choose to proceed with the quest for the missing Prince. Act 2 scene 2 A hireling of Alsono’s named Trinculo has additionally cleaned up from the pontoon, however separate from the other escort. A tempest comes up and Trinculo attempts to discover cover from the tempest. He runs into Prospero’s worker Caliban and goes along with him under a cape to escape from the tempest. While under there he hears the voice of Alsono’s plastered steward, Stephano. The men of honor get together and Caliban educates them concerning the island as an end-result of some of Stephano’s liquor. Needing to leave Pr... ...s retribution, Caliban likewise attempts to design his own. His retribution for being a worker is, from the outset, attempting to take Miranda. From that point forward, when he enrolls the assistance of the boozers, is to win the island for himself and execute Prospero. Covetousness, in any case, is the most remarkable thought process in the play. Antonio and Sebastian are demonstrated to be the greediest characters since they are eager to execute their own siblings to acquire the force they look for. Caliban, too, tries to administer the island, and utilizations that as another impetus to endeavor to slaughter Prospero. His companions, taken with the idea of being pioneers and not hirelings, oblige him and are happy to perpetrate shocking violations for it. The main two characters in the play who are not covetous are the ones who become hopelessly enamored. Since affection is regularly connected with honesty, this isn't unexpected. Indeed, even Prospero, however frequently thought of as an honorable character, makes the plot so as to pick up things for himself. Ariel as well, helps Prospero in order to buy his opportunity from his bondage. The storm was one of Shakespeare’s last plays and despite the fact that it has an alternate style and subjects than a portion of his different plays, it despite everything stays an incredible great today.

The Art of Drawing the Penis Essay Example For Students

The Art of Drawing the Penis Essay Uncouples in the Satirical and Luscious in Metamorphoses are each placed in the job of outcasts on the edges of society and are empowered to go about as onlookers and pundits. In spite of the fact that they are seen as untouchables and manage similar kinds of situations, Uncouples and Luscious live in two totally various universes. Uncouples and Luscious react to their social orders and the individuals they experience in their own individual manners. Right off the bat, talking about Uncouples and his experience will start our insight on how he and Luscious vary. Uncouples in the Satirical experiences a daily reality such that he is in a flash enticed by sex. We will compose a custom article on The Art of Drawing the Penis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The previous combatant and recently showing up understudy is associated with a sexual relationship with his sixteen. Year old sweetheart and slave. Kid, Citing. All through the novel, Uncouples battles with remaining devoted to his darling. Uncouples is allured more than once all through the novel by a sexual delight that prompts him being unfaithful to Citing. On being a shifty darling, Uncouples has a criminal foundation. The book discusses him taking and in any event, killing a man. Being unfaithful and having a criminal foundation shows a tad of the sort to individual Uncouples was. Also, we will audit Luscious and his experience in Metamorphoses. Tasty, a man to great birth and a coach, begins his excursion while in transit to Thessaly where he hears a difficult to-accept story that interests his interest in enchantment and legends. All through the primary portion of The Golden Ass, Luscious finds out around a couple of strict and figurative stories that starts his inclinations on the enchantment occurring inside Thessaly. He discovers that the spouse of the family he is remaining with is a witch and attempts to transform himself into a winged creature as he saw her do. Rather than transforming into a flying creature, his inquisitively driven him into changing into an ass. The tale proceeds with Luscious going on numerous excursions as an ass and learning and hearing considerably more stories identifying with enchantment. After the entirety of his hardships and excursions, Luscious in the end comes into contact With the goddess Isis and she transforms him once again into human structure subsequent to joining her faction. Since we know a little behind the characters Of Uncouples and Luscious, we can contrast the two with each other. Uncouples and Luscious are each the fundamental characters and the storytellers in their books. Everything in Satirical and Metamorphoses is included around the two. Uncouples and Luscious both arrangement with enticement. In any case, Uncouples battles with sexual allurement and Luscious battles with the enticement of enchantment. Tasty is an inquisitive character and needs to find out about everything though Uncouples is more into pleasuring himself. The two of them relate in the manner that Uncouples is an understudy and Luscious is a coach. In Satirical, it tells how Uncouples is another understudy and in The Golden Ass it tells how Luscious ran into a previous understudy at the market thus, he is a guide, As it has just been expressed, Uncouples has a criminal foundation identifying with thievery and murder, Luscious was thought to have executed three men in The Golden Ass yet it wound up being wineskins, not men. Despite the fact that Luscious was thought to have killed a couple of men, Luscious puts on a show of being a tranquil character where as Uncouples appears to be somewhat confused. With everything taken into account, Uncouples and Luscious handle their circumstances in totally different manners. Uncouples permits impulse to dominate and gets powerless in situations while Luscious attempts to thoroughly consider things altogether and think of a smart arrangement. Sarcastic and Metamorphoses shows the peruser how two men originating from Roman books respond to climatic situations in totally various manners.

Initiatives at the Commonwealth Bank Australia Example

Initiatives at the Commonwealth Bank Australia Example Initiatives at the Commonwealth Bank Australia â€" Essay Example > ?Initiatives at the Commonwealth Bank Australia The commonwealth bank Australia is one of the largest and most versatile financial institutions in Australia. It has been in operation since 1912. It currently boosts of over 1000 branches plus an equally large distribution of ATMs. The bank offers a number of customer-tailored services and solutions key among tem being a number of affordable mortgage options and foreign funds transfer services. Contemporary Issue: diversity within workplace and women in leadership positions/work life balance From the above I would seek to answer a number of questions through interviews and surveys. Questions to management 1. Is there a policy that guides gender issues in the office 2. If yes, how is this policy applicable on issues to do with women leadership 3. How does the management help the employees especially women mange their work and their families 4. Are there any special treatments accorded to women just because of their gender 5. Is there a policy that guides how the bank treats the diversity issue in the workplace? 6. How diverse are the organisations employees. Which category of people form the largest block in the organisation 7. How does diversity in the workplace impact on the general performance of the organisation 8. What does the organisation aim to achieve through each category of people in the organisation. 9. Are all employees responding positively to organizational policies on both women in leadership and diversity issues? Survey questions to staff 1. Do they believe in having women in leadership positions 2. If yes why? If no why 3. How diverse are they in terms of race gender, age and culture 4. Does their diversity affect the organisation positively or negatively? 5. Are there people in the organization who discriminate against others racially 6. What has the organisation done to them 7. Are there organisational interventions to ensure that diversity in the workplace is upheld and respected 8. Are there official disciplinary rules that guard against xenophobia and racialism 9. How do women in leadership differ from their male counterparts in terms of management style. General information In of the programs aimed at encouraging diversity, the Commonwealth Bank Australia has set up a special intranet site specifically targeting women above the age of 55. The program aims at encouraging such women to make better choices in life and thus ensure they continue to be good at whatever they do. The program aims at demonstrate their respect for diverse factors of age, knowledge and background. This program has been largely successful. In fact in the year 2012 the company won the Catalyst award for its initiative on gender diversity. This demonstrates how well the program has been received. On this basis we can also say their approach has actually worked for the organisation. Reference Catalyst, (2012), Catalyst Honors Initiatives at Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Sodexo with the 2012 Catalyst Award: Catalyst to celebrate 50 years of advancing women in the workplace. Available at http: //www. catalyst. org/press-release/200/catalyst-honors-initiatives-at-commonwealth-bank-of-australia-and-sodexo-with-the-2012-catalyst-award, 6 February 2012 Common Wealth Bank, (2012). Our Company. Available at http: //www. commbank. com. au/about-us/our-company/our-approach-to-diversity/ 6 February 2012

Teaching Certificate For Special Education - 936 Words

What do you want to be when you grow up? This common childhood question usually has a quick, easy answer in youth, but sometimes a more complex, unsure answer as one nears adulthood. What I wanted to be when I grew up evolved many times through childhood. Even at high school graduation there was no definite decision and too much left to explore. Later, after years of working in schools as a volunteer, substitute teacher, and tutor, I had not considered the field of special education. However, six months ago I accepted an offer to work as an exceptional children teaching assistant. Now I am surprised that my goal is to obtain a teaching license in special education; but in hindsight, I should not be because of this field’s correlation to my past interests and experiences. After completing high school, I did not want to delay my college education so I began work on a pre-liberal arts degree at a community college. There I found an area of study that aroused my interest: law. As a result, I obtained a paralegal degree in addition to a pre-liberal arts degree. Even after finishing both associate degrees, I felt an undergraduate degree necessary. I chose to study human services without knowing what position I would seek after completing the degree. I was interested in the classes and felt work in the field of human service would be broad and rewarding. Meanwhile, I continued to seek a career that would suit me. 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Stereotype Threat - 971 Words

How have my own experiences conforming to stereotypes equipped me to deal with stereotype threats that may be present in my sessions with students as a Speaking Fellow? My past is inundated with the roles I have adopted. As the single female in a combat unit in the military this stereotype manifested as I forfeited my femininity to become one of the boys. I had no desire to be seen as a woman who needed to be coddled (as the men I served with presumed) so I assumed the role of tomboy, eating as they, sporting baggy, unfitted pants to cover my womanly curves, and sacrificing my use of silverware in my efforts to be â€Å"just one of the guys.† As I matriculated to Barnard, my identity changed again. Barnard’s slogan is â€Å"bold, beautiful,†¦show more content†¦The anxiety that manifests in increased heart rate, nervous ticks, or lack of focus is typical for those who are suffer from stereotype threat. 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Boycotts, Sanctions and Embargoes Free Essays

string(205) " rule to bear as embargoes such as expulsion from world sporting events and the calls for boycotts of the consumer goods meant that South Africa was slowly drifting away from the international community \." Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes have been used for a very long time by the government to maintain social order. Although their use is characterized by lack of democracy, autocratic leaderships as well as dictatorial leaderships, the three terms have come to be recognized as international tools of dealing with rogue nations especially when such are applied by the international community through world recognized bodies such as the UN. While boycotts refer to the act of desisting from using a certain product of engaging in relationship with a given organization or individual it may also be applied to individuals such as presidents and political leaders as a means of coercing such to comply with the given code of conduct . We will write a custom essay sample on Boycotts, Sanctions and Embargoes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes as applied to South Africa during the apartheid era were used as tools of suppressing the apartheid rule to recognize the rights of the blacks in South Africa. Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes are only effective if there is international solidarity on the dimension on which they can be applied. For such tools can never be effective if applied in small proportions. Beginning in the late 1960s throughout to the early 1990s the international community put pressure on the apartheid rule in South Africa to recognize the rights of the blacks in South Africa. The successive handover of independence to South Africans can be partly attributed to the effectiveness of the boycotts, sanctions and embargoes. The history of boycotts, sanctions and embargoes can be traced back to the 1700s with colonial boycotts of British trade goods during the colonization of America by the Britains . In the 1800 boycotts were evident and were successfully used as a tool to fight slave trade when different nations such as France, the Balkans and the Americas called for their population to boycott and resist from buying goods or products originating from slave fields . This led to the colonial masters to understand the dissent and dislike of slave trade as a practice. This amongst other factors can be used to explain the eventual abolishment of slave trade in late 18th century. Boycotts were used by the anti-apartheid movement in two folds, either as a threat or an actual action aimed at eliciting the desired reaction from the apartheid rule to hasten the hand over of independence to South Africa . The pervasive nature of the boycotts made the boycotts to be viewed by the apartheid movement as one of the effective tools in that whenever boycotts were called either from the international community or by the south Africans themselves it would deal a big blow to the smooth functioning of the apartheid government. This was the desired effect on the government given the ability of boycotts to disrupt the normal functioning of government. For instance, the South African apartheid government depended on exports of products such as gold, diamond and uranium and therefore successful boycotts meant that the apartheid government would be denied the much-needed income to carry on its governance issues . Boycotts were so effective in South Africa such that they are classified as one of the greatest factors which led to the fall of the apartheid regime considering the fact that South Africa relied on export of its goods to earn foreign exchange. The anti-apartheid in South Africa played a critical role in ensuring that the boycotts received international recognition hence the reason why much of the campaigning was directed towards achieving official state sponsored international support. International anti-apartheid movement as it applied to South Africa was founded on tenets such as the belief in the right of every human being to fundamental right to freedom, self-rule, the right to every state to be independent, the right to recognition and upholding of every people’s culture and beliefs as well as the social and moral responsibility of the international community to fight apartheid irrespective of who practices it or who perpetrates it. The above tenets formed the basis for the international anti-apartheid movement and were consequential in the subsequent defeat of apartheid in South Africa. International solidarity is manifested in the ability of nations of the world to join together and advocate for a common goal . In regard to an apartheid movement in South Africa solidarity was demonstrated in sanctions and embargoes enforced by the international community to fight apartheid. In that sense the international community shows the intention to decapitate the legal framework with apartheid rule upholds as a means of sustaining the economic dominance over people. In the case of South Africa the Boers segregated Africa by making sure that the quality of education they received was insufficient to guarantee them good position in the labour market . This greatly relegated the natives to abject poverty in that they were economically not a match to the Boers. Apart from denial of access to education, the native South Africans were denied equal opportunities even in situations whereby they possessed equal qualifications to those of the whites. In addition, the apartheid rule dictated where the Africans could own property as well as what kind of trade they could conduct. This meant that economically, the Africans were at a disadvantage. At the policy level all policies were biased against the Africans and this meant that it was very hard for them to achieve the economic independence required to wage any meaningful ‘war’ against the mighty white rule. This shows how the Africans were incapable of successfully fighting apartheid on their own. Without international solidarity as demonstrated in the international apartheid movement the native South Africans would not have achieved independence. Where the Africans lacked the economic power to fight apartheid, the international community showed solidarity by enforcing sanctions, which would greatly reduce the white’s economic prowess . Pressure from the international community led to the call of boycotts and expulsion of South Africa from participating in the international sporting events . This was too much for the apartheid rule to bear as embargoes such as expulsion from world sporting events and the calls for boycotts of the consumer goods meant that South Africa was slowly drifting away from the international community . You read "Boycotts, Sanctions and Embargoes" in category "Papers" Even before the official handover of independence to the South Africans the impact of the international community intervention was evident and by 1985 the apartheid rule started doing away with some apartheid practices such as forced ejections from homes, classification based on colour, as well as the denial of equal opportunities . As the internal resistance waged by the South Africans through their umbrella party ANC sufficed international relations worsened as the sanctions, embargoes and boycotts were unbearable to the apartheid rule. The support from the international community accorded to the native South Africans acted as a morale booster and as a result the native South Africans took the fight against apartheid a note higher as all social groups took to the fight. As a result of international solidarity in calling of the eradication of apartheid in south Africa, the natives regained confidence and the fight against apartheid changed tactics from confrontational needs to more subtle means such as freedom songs, as well as the use of black owned media to produce films which called for the end to apartheid . In the contemporary society international solidarity contributes largely to political struggle. This takes other forms other than embargoes, boycotts and sanctions for instance, international recognition of democratically elected governments. For example, in the present day Somalia, it is the leadership, which gains international support, which enjoys credence and credibility. For instance, the Islam court government could not successfully lead in Somalia because it lacked the support of the international community. International solidarity calling for the recognition of the democratically elected leadership lead to the ousting of the Islam courts’ led government barely six months after it had seized power from yet another leadership; the tribal led government. The case of Somalia clearly shows that international solidarity can play a role in winning struggles not only the struggle against apartheid but also other struggles against terrorism, colonialism as well as dictatorial regimes. However, there is a need for caution in how the international community plays its role when it comes to intervention in conflict situations. There is evidence that most international actions are informed by the leadership of specific groups as opposed to being informed by the need for impartiality, fairness and the observation of international law. The moment international community degenerates into a tool for certain groups in the struggle, the effectiveness of the international community to fight against oppression of a given people whether in apartheid, colonial or occupation. The international community should base their support on any given group on merit but not other factors such as on the basis of friendship with the leadership of a given struggle movement. The international community has in the past made grave mistakes by supporting struggle leaders who later turned out to be no better than the oppressive powers. This can be clearly demonstrated in the case of leaders who have taken over from dictatorial regimes with the full support of the community only to turn out to be worse than the ousted regimes. For the official leadership of any struggle to receive international support, it must clearly demonstrate its ability to end aggression once it takes power. Such official leadership must have put in place proper mechanism to deal with issues of poor governance, which often lead to difficulties in leadership once such a struggle movement, takes power. It is therefore paramount that the international community serves the role of a mediator rather than actively being involved in the political activities in any given struggle. Sanctions, boycotts and arms embargoes have been criticized for going in contravention of freedom and autonomy of states especially in cases whereby the sanctions, boycotts and embargoes are imposed on independent sates for reasons ranging from; failure to honor some demands by donors which may not be in the best interest of such nations or in other cases where embargoes, sanctions and boycotts are solely motivated by the need to exert influence over a regime which has fallen out of touch with the wishes of western powers. For instance, the world is currently witnessing a situation whereby there is a tendency by the United States of America to endorse boycotts and sanctions to nations which fail to support it or collaborate with it on fronts such as the war against terrorism. This leads to questions on how appropriate it is for the United States of America and other developed Nations to dictate to independent nations on how they can handle their internal affairs. For example, the sanctions imposed on Iran solely on grounds that, the country is developing weapons of mass destruction are a clear indication of how sanctions, boycotts and embargoes can be imposed at will by the powerful nations to the detriment of militarily and economically weaker nations. This has been a cause of tensions in the Middle East region and it threatens to get worse and spill into an international conflict. Embargoes lead to the suffering of citizens whose country is brought under sanctions. In addition, embargoes, sanctions and boycotts increase vulnerability for such a country to face external attacks if arms embargoes are imposed. The above clearly demonstrate that, in as much as sanctions, embargoes and boycotts are useful in containing the capacity of dictatorial regimes, apartheid regimes and rebel movements, if not well regulated, they can lead to atrocities against the people they are meant to protect or liberate. Where sanctions, embargoes and boycotts are imposed haphazardly, citizens suffer. In addition, the countries under arms embargoes become more vulnerable to attacks. In addition sanctions, arms embargoes, and boycotts can lead to heightened regional and international relations characterized by tensions. There is a need to de-emphasize the use of sanctions and embargoes and concentrate on other methods of intervention in times of crisis. While sanctions, embargoes and boycotts can create an opportunity for abuse of human rights, abuse of independence of states and unnecessary interference in the running of internal affairs of independent countries, other alternatives such as negotiations can work marvelously and cause less undesired effects. In addition, an alternative such as diplomacy is les expensive to implement in the long run. Diplomacy is usually given a wide support by nations of the world compared to sanctions, boycotts and embargoes. For instance, although there are sanctions in place against the current regime in Zimbabwe specifically targeting the leadership of President Robert Mugambe, not every nation in the world supports the measure as some countries like China have gone ahead with healthy trade ties with Robert Mugambe. This clearly indicates that, sanctions are not always ideal and must only be applied selectively as opposed to being applied blatantly. In conclusion, it is clear from the discussion above that international intervention in form of enforcing boycotts, sanctions and embargoes against the apartheid rule in South Africa was effective in the fight and eventual defeat of apartheid. The international campaign, which saw South Africa being banned from participating in international sporting events as well as the calls for boycotts of South African products, was greatly successful as a tool to fighting apartheid. At the center of the struggle against apartheid was the apartheid movement, which coordinated the anti-apartheid struggle and advocated for the imposition of embargo, sanctions and boycotts. The case of apartheid struggle is a clear demonstration of the power of international solidarity in relation to the politics of a particular struggle and how international solidarity can greatly influence the outcome of the given struggle. Reference Lodge, T. 1983. Black Politics in South Africa since 1945. Johannesburg; Ravan Press. Mandela, N. 1994. Long Walk to Freedom. Abacus. Meli, F. 1988. South Africa Belongs to Us: A History of the ANC. London. James Currey. Robert, Innes 2006. A Theory of Consumer Boycotts and a Symmetric Information and Imperfect Competition. Economic Journal. Robert, Innes 2006. A Theory of Consumer Boycotts and a Symmetric Information and Imperfect Competition. Economic Journal. Seagal, R. ed. 1964. Sanctions Against South Africa. Penguin. How to cite Boycotts, Sanctions and Embargoes, Papers

Critical Analysis and Justification of the Care Priorities

Question: Present a Comprehensive Discussion and Justification Identifying two Care Priorities within a Clinical Scenario using the Levett- Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Answer: Introduction The care of patient with chronic disease is affected by many challenges in delivering care. Often a gap in current and optimal practice is seen when nurses fail to interpret patients data and integrate patients need in clinical care priorities (Lubkin Larsen, 2013). As a primary health care nurse, it is necessary that nurses prioritize care needs of patient by identifying both clinical needs as well as patients needs. This process of care planning and delivering intervention can be successful by means of proper collaboration and clinical reflection to assess patients (Chang Johnson, 2014). The purpose of the report is to analyze the case scenario of Diana Harrison, a 64 year old female who has been newly diagnosed with Parkinsons disease and identify the main care needs of Diana. The goal is to discuss and justify two complex care priorities for the patient using the Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Care priority 1: Management of impaired physical mobility Consider the patient situation- To identify the clinical care needs of Diana, the current presenting condition of Diana was observed. The 64-year old patient had been struggling with symptoms of shaking hands with tremor and unsteady gait. Her tremor worsened at night, she also was very fatigued and forgetful. Collecting cues/ information- The discharge summary of Diana revealed she had been newly diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinsons disease. She was presented to the hospital with symptoms of pronounced tremor in left hand, global bradykinesia, increased fatigues and sleepy episodes. She also had emotional outbursts and felt sad on and off for the past 12 months. Process information- The analysis of patient situation revealed that she has been suffering from this symptoms because of Parkinsons disease. It is a chronic and progressive movement disorder where symptoms worsen with time. Diana had tremors in left hand and bradykinesia because the disease leads to malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain. Most of these neurons are involved in the production of dopamine that has the function of sending message to the brain part involved in movement and coordination (Benazzouz et al. 2014). Hence, Diana has been experiencing symptoms of tremor of hands, bradykinesia (slow movement) and impaired balance and coordination because her amount of dopamine has decreased with the progression diseases. This has contributed to the inability of the client to control her movement normally (Allen et al. 2013). Identify problem/ issue- With the presenting condition of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, gait imbalance and emotional regulation in Diana Harrison, managing care of client will be difficult due to fall risk issue. As patient is already struggling with tremor and postural instability in her daily life, it is possible that patient will be prone to frequent falls and injure herself. The duration and severity of symptoms may also increase the risk of fall (van der Marck et al. 2014). Hence, it will be the role of the nurse to take action against this issue. Take action- The goal of the nurse will be to establish care priorities for managing impaired physical mobility and prevent fall risk in Diana. As fall prevention will be an urgent priority for care of Diana, the first action for the nurse will be to identify the factors or areas that can intensify the risk of falling. Apart from motors symptoms of Parkinsons disease, it may also occur due to non-motor symptoms of client (van der Marck 2014). Hence, the nurse will have to identify non-motor symptoms of fall risk such as low blood pressure, fatigue, exhaustion and constipation in patients. The nurse will manage physical mobility in Diana by teaching her the technique to initiate movement. The nurse will make her walk erect and use wide gaits to offset the shuffling gait. Furthermore, physical immobility can be improved by means of daily exercise that strengthens the muscle of Diana. Use of certain medications is also associated with fall risk due to adverse side effects. Therefore, the nurse will have to review the medication of Diana and inform her about the precautions to taken after taking medications due to its side-effects (Tan, Williams, and Kelly, 2014). Evaluate-The care priority of managing fall risk inpatient by identification of non-motor symptoms is important in patients because these are hidden risk factor common in patients. Fatigue may be due depression and emotional stress to life events, whereas stress might increase fear and anxiety in patient leading to fall. The care priority of engaging Diana in physical exercise is also important because it will lead to increased neuromuscular interaction and help initiate functional and morphological changes in the brain. As Parkinsons disease is associated with decreased level of dopamine, exercise will help to raise the concentration level of dopamine by increasing the serum calcium levels (Canning, 2014). Medication review of patient is also an important part of nursing care plan as certain medications contribute to fall risk. If any medication is highly associated with dizziness, then nurse might have to change the medication to avoid fall related injury (Canning, 2015). Reflect-Hence, the care priority of managing fall risk and physical immobility in patient is considered important to avoid further complication in patient and help them effectively cope with the symptoms of bradykinesis, tremor and rigidity. The above strategies and techniques regarding movement will help to reduce fall risk in patients and prevent the progression of disease to severe forms. 2.Care priority 2: Manage social isolation and emotional outburst in patient Consider the patient situation- Diana Harrison has been diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinsons disease. In such case, no particular cause for the disease can be determined. The chronic and degenerative brain disorder is characterized by tremors, slowed movement and muscle rigidity. Collecting cues/ information- As analyzed from handover report of Diana, apart from experience of unsteady gait, bradykinesia, fatigue and tremor in the client, she is also having emotional outburst. She is constantly becoming constantly emotional and tends to forget things at work and home. Process information- After reviewing the discharge report of Diana, it has become evident that Diana is experience intermittent bad mood and sadness for the past 12 months. This indicates that while planning care provision for Diana, mood changes will act as a significant barrier in her recovery. It will not only intensify the symptoms of disease, it will also pose problem for Diana in carrying out her home and work responsibilities. Normally, nurses pay attention only to the physical effects of disease while developing care priorities for people with Parkinsons disease. However, as the disease is associated with disorder of the brain and nervous system, it can affect patients emotional state too (Kehagia, 2016). Hence, the nurse must also pay attention to factors leading to mood changes in Diana to promote her recovery and optimal care. Identify problem/ issue- After analyzing Dianas condition, it can be said that behavioral disorder (mood changes and anxiety) can lead to intense suffering for Diana apart from physical immobility and gait imbalance. If continued period of emotional disorder continue, the client may develop depression. Similarly symptoms of fatigue and anxiety will hamper the overall body functioning and quality of life of Diana. Hence, it is necessary for nurse to take action regarding the problem faced by patient in this area. Take action- The main nursing priority for care of Diana will be to address behavioral changes in her apart from movement disorder. The important role of nurse in addressing this problem would be to identify whether the symptoms of mood disorder and anxiety is occurring in patient due to Parkinson related neuropathological changes or it occurs due to medication related hallucination. Medication related hallucination may occur if patient is treated with dopaminergic drugs (Duncan et al. 2014). To enhance the health related quality of life of Diana, nurse will have to communicate effectively with patients to identify predisposing and precipitating factor of the condition. To help patient cope with mood disorder symptoms, nurse will have to give non-pharmacological intervention to Diana (Miller et al., 2015). Evaluate- Effective and compassionate communication with patients is an important care priority of nurse because by this means nurse can make Diana accept the illness and also educate her about how to maintain the quality of life despite illness. The nurse will support patient in self-care and coping with the disease (Eriksson et al., 2016). The proper assessment of patients regarding danger to self or other is necessary. Based on identification of risk factors, appropriate behavioral plan for Diana will help to manage the risk. The support through psychotherapy can also be provided. Nurse may also engage Diana in distraction or other technique to help her cope with anxiety. This is a form of talk therapy to help modify negative patterns of behavior in the patient (Iansek Morris, 2013). Reflect- The care priority of behavioral disorder management is important for Diana because it will prevent further complication of the disease and help her cope with illness. The identification of the reason for disorder may help to take appropriate steps to manage the behavioral changes in patients. The non-pharmacological intervention will help to enhance the motivation of patient and encourage them to life with confidence. It will bring positive changes in both her personal and work life. Conclusion The report discussed the complex care needs of Diana Harrison based on analyzing, interpreting and evaluating patients condition by the use of clinical reasoning cycle. The use of clinical reasoning cycle helped to process patients vital information and determines the main problem that may cause problem to Diana in the long run. The two nursing care priority of managing physical immobility and behavioral changes in Diana has been selected because both movement disorder and behavioral disorder influenced the health related quality of life of this group of patients. Adequate nursing care plan detailing the course of action to address the two problems in patient will enhance her quality of living and promote recovery. Reference Allen, N. E., Schwarzel, A. K., Canning, C. G. (2013). Recurrent falls in Parkinsons disease: a systematic review.Parkinsons Disease,2013. Benazzouz, A., Mamad, O., Abedi, P., Bouali-Benazzouz, R., Chetrit, J. (2014). Involvement of dopamine loss in extrastriatal basal ganglia nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinsons disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience,6, 87. Canning, C.G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S.R., Close, J.C., Heritier, S., Heller, G.Z., Howard, K., Allen, N.E., Latt, M.D., Murray, S.M. and O'Rourke, S.D., 2015. Exercise for falls prevention in Parkinson disease A randomized controlled trial.Neurology,84(3), pp.304-312. Chang, E., Johnson, A. (Eds.). (2014).Chronic illness and disability: Principles for nursing practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Duncan, G. W., Khoo, T. K., Yarnall, A. J., O'Brien, J. T., Coleman, S. Y., Brooks, D. J., ... Burn, D. J. (2014). Health?related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease: The impact of nonmotor symptoms.Movement disorders,29(2), 195-202. Eriksson, K., Forsgren, E., Hartelius, L., Saldert, C. (2016). Communication partner training of enrolled nurses working in nursing homes with people with communication disorders caused by stroke or Parkinsons disease.Disability and rehabilitation,38(12), 1187-1203. Iansek, R., Morris, M. E. (Eds.). (2013).Rehabilitation in movement disorders. Cambridge University Press. Kehagia, A. A. (2016). neuropsychiatric Symptoms in parkinsons Disease: Beyond Complications.Frontiers in Psychiatry,7. Lubkin, I., Larsen, P. (Eds) (2013). Chronic illness: Impact and interventions (8th ed.). Burlington Ma.: Jones Bartlett. Miller, N., Noble, E., Jones, D., Deane, K. H., Gibb, C. (2015). Survey of speech and language therapy provision for people with Parkinson's disease in the United Kingdom: patients' and carers' perspectives.International journal of language communication disorders, 1-10. Tan, S.B., Williams, A.F. and Kelly, D., 2014. Effectiveness of multidisciplinary interventions to improve the quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,51(1), pp.166-174. van der Marck, M. A., Klok, M. P. C., Okun, M. S., Giladi, N., Munneke, M., Bloem, B. R., Force, N. F. T. (2014). Consensus-based clinical practice recommendations for the examination and management of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism related disorders,20(4), 360-369

Bad Study Habit free essay sample

Basic business concepts and basic accounting for information technology students. I enjoy what I do and I like my students (so far). That doesn’t mean though that I’m not a strict one. In fact, I have already gained the reputation for strictness and difficulty of exams (I once made my entire class re-take a certain exam because nobody passed! . But hey, a lot of them passed and graduated last April so I guess I wasn’t that bad. Unfortunately, not everyone graduated. One or two of them failed the whole subject (there goes my reputation again). I couldn’t do anything about it because their grade was a solid 5 (which is an F grade here) and no matter how hard I pushed and pulled, I just couldn’t give a remedy for their failing grade. So, bottomline, they did not graduate. Some of my students right now asked me about these failed students. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Study Habit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They wanted to know the â€Å"whys† and the â€Å"hows† for these cases.I tried to answer as tactfully as I can but their questions really got me thinking. Is it them or is it me? Am I not a good teacher or were they simply not good students? Simple answer? More of the latter instead of the former. I’m not kidding. I’m not saying I’m a good one but I’m not that bad either. And from jogging my memory, I can see how they failed and I can count the reasons why they failed. Three words – bad study habits – in plural, not singular. So what are these bad study habits? Let me count 7 of them. Poor Attendance. For any subject, especially accounting, attendance is really a must.Unless, of course, you’re a genius who can just scan your teacher’s or classmates’ notes and you can readily understand the lesson. If you’re not, the next best thing is to hear firsthand what your teacher has to say and to read through your own eyes everything written on the board. If you do not attend classes, your chance of understanding the subject is almost nil plus your points for attendance go down as well. No Assignments. Let’s face it. Basic accounting is still a numbers game and the only way a student can learn this subject is through practice.And practicing the subjects / topics means diligently doing the exercises and the assignments all on your own. I noticed some of my students (even those who passed) depend on their classmates for their assignments. So who learns the subject? The ones who did the assignments. The ones who didn’t, good luck. Failing to Take Down Notes. I know, I know, the student can always photocopy the classmates’ notes. But, personally, I don’t think this really works for those students who do not http://hubpages. com/hub/7-Bad-Study-Habits-A-College-Student-Must-Not-Have 5/31/2011 Bad Study Habits A College Student Must Not Have Page 2 of 4 take down notes and just depend on their classmates. Taking down notes mean you are listening and are focused on the subject. A student who doesn’t take down notes is either somebody who has a photographic memory or just plain lazy or is not concentrating on the subject at hand. The first reason is a good one but is quite rare. The second reason may be okay if the student is intelligent in the first place (but this is still not an excuse). The third reason may be the worst because the student is really not absorbing anything from the class.And when this happens, your grades are bye-bye. Poor Time Management. There’s this one time I gave a major exam for my students. Imagine my surprise when I saw some of them were not taking the exams (and they were just hanging around the school! ). Their reason for not taking the exam? They were not able to study on my subject. Gee, but they were able to study for the other subjects huh? Needless to say, I got hopping mad and told them to take the exam or I won’t give a make-up exam for them. I mean I know that they have a lot on their plates what with their subjects, case studies, thesis, exams, etc. etc. But hey, they have to know how to manage their time and accommodate everything. That’s part of a student’s life. And to think their schedule of exams were announced right from the start, so they should have properly prepared and planned their time to coincide with the official school schedule. Okay, ranting a little bit here. Next! Procrastination. This one can follow poor time management skills, but it’s a habit that can be left on its own. Let’s put it in another word – cramming (which was common when I was in college, still is apparently).What’s worse right now is that a lot of students have more distractions than when I was in college. These distractions (like Facebook, online games, play stations, texting / chatting) make cramming or procrastination a more dangerous bad habit now than it was before. Not Following Teacher’s Instructions. Okay, here’s comes the exam. The students are asked to write T for True and F for False. What do they do? Write the whole word (what the†¦? ). Or worse, give entirely different answers (had a student like that, thought immediately of recommending her to a psychiatrist, j/k).

Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children Children And Young People Essay Essay Example Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children Children And Young People Essay Essay Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children Children And Young People Essay Essay a qualified Particular Educator with 6+ old ages of experience in the field. Soon the Centre has 55 pupils trained by 10 qualified particular instruction and rehabilitation professionals and 6 teacher-aides, 2 voluntary professionals, 2 teacher-aides, 3 health professionals, 6 educational voluntaries, and 2 attenders. The Centre besides provides practical preparation to Teacher-trainees of the Particular Education plan on Autism, conducted by KPAMRC, Bangalore [ 12 ] . The assorted activities carried out by Apoorva Centre for Autism are as follows: It caters to the educational wing utilizing rules of ABA and TEACCH. The age group benefited is 3 old ages to 18yrs. Children with ASD of 15 old ages and above are imparted pre-vocational preparation and steps are taken to place the suited careers for them. Post the vocational preparation the pupils are suggested available sheltered workshops that enrol them. Others who prefer organic agriculture preparation are sent to the yoga instructor s farm for 2 twelvemonth preparation. Post the 2years, based on their public presentation they would either be suggested extra preparation or apprenticeship and lasting employment thenceforth with the neurotypical grownup husbandmans in an inclusive work atmosphere. The tools used for communications are PECS ( Picture Exchange Communication System ) . Drama and Yoga therapy are a portion of the course of study excessively. Some of the parents have besides opted for the bio-medical intercession and some have discontinued it due to assorted grounds. The Centre besides caters to pupils who are badly affected by autism with other co-morbidities including intellectual paralysis, profound mental deceleration and ictus upsets. These kids are given developing in ego attention and assist them, maintain their day-to-day life accomplishments. A twosome of kids who have been asked to travel out from the regular schools due to terrible behavioral issues are being trained towards the National Open School system ( NIOS ) with regular school course of study and text books. All these plans happen across the 3 premises which are located in JP Nagar, Jayanagar and near Bannerghatta National Park. Each premiss caters to specific demands but they all meet one time in 6 months. All the installations are twenty-four hours attention Centres. The Pull offing Trust is taking towards a reprieve attention and a residential place or a community populating maintaining in head the state of affairs that would originate when the parents and health professionals are no longer present. The function of Mrs. Nithya S. is to assist program activities and educational/vocational plans for the kids and develop the pedagogues and health professionals. Apoorva Centre for Autism Lions Club of Sarakki Premises, 21st chief, 1st Cross, Marenahalli, JP Nagar 2nd Phase, Bangalore-78 Telephone: 08065710445 Electronic mail: apoorva @ SAIautismcenter.org The LOTUS Foundation Activities that are used in the rehabilitation of autistic kids include supplication, external respiration and speculation, motion therapy, music therapy, kitchen nine, occupational therapy, art and picture therapy, H2O therapy, drama therapy, societal therapy, communicating therapy and nature nine. Each therapy has its topographic point, clip and agenda in the twenty-four hours. Each is designed for every particular kid to mend specific challenges faced. As in any other thing, attending has to be paid to the measure and the quality of the therapy delivered. If under done or over done the same therapy could be counterproductive. The societal challenges faced by autistic kids are: The kid goes through immense accommodation challenges in his/her organic structure, thought procedures and emotions. It is hard for the kid, every bit good as his/her health professionals to suit into the model that society provides. The community and committed professionals need to widen themselves to back up the kid and his immediate household. Simultaneously work has to be done to change the current model to ease integrating of these persons into society. These kids have trouble with communicating and are easy led to defeats and aggressions that form a barrier to them being included. Opening out the communicating lines, ask foring more and more people to understand them and learning them self-regulation in pull offing their emotions and open behavior will travel a long manner to assist incorporate these kids. Educating the people in his environment suitably along with developing the kid to pass on efficaciously will organize the anchor of get the better ofing this trouble. The physical-sensorial demands of our kids do them to expose upseting obvious behaviors such as rocking, walking, whirling and shouting that can frighten away others and drive the kids with autism to remain off from the mainstream. Giving appropriate sensory inputs and at the same time turn toing diet, rhythm and sleep will greatly cut down the emphasis and ease the kid in go oning to take part in society. Queerly, the equals and friends are really tolerant and understanding, but the grownups instructors and parents have trouble in admiting and accepting the autistic in mainstream environment. The media s duty is in taking the facts and showing it to the common adult male in a manner that he will understand. Our petition is non to dramatise and do these as tragic narratives. The other side of the coin is that we do hold tolerant and sensitive people who welcome such kids. Whatever said and done, it is difficult to stay impersonal when faced with such a deep inquiry posed by our kids through their sheer presence. We observed that diagnosing of people in the Autism Spectrum Disorder has increased. 1 in 88 kids born today are diagnosed to be on the spectrum from really mild to extremely complicated. In the kingdom of inclusion , we provide services to efficaciously include the persons with particular demands in the chief watercourse regular school environment. We train and organise workshops for regular school instructors and helpers who are involved in twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours classroom direction of persons with particular demands in inclusive scenes. The Lotus Foundation C22, Palm grove Flats, 9th Cross Street, Besant Nagar 600 090 Telephone: +91 44 24919802 Electronic mail: A nandini @ lotusfoundation.in V-Excel Educational Trust Help the kids become more comfy with their organic structures, overcome sensory issues to an extent that they are able to concentrate in category, travel out with teachers/parents, be happy and content at place. With this slowly emerging, the kids learn to show, talk and their will, to larn lessons and work at activities. This is done by: Medical Work: A Following the biomedical diet ( gluten free, casein free ) and a rigorous beat ( guaranting repasts are eaten at the right clip and kids get adequate slumber ) Course of study: A Following the Rudolf Steiner s doctrine, on taking attention of kids with particular demands. Knowing what lessons, motions, vocals, colorss, or work is to be introduced to kids ( woodworking, cookery, building, agriculture, basket devising, gold braid, and sewing ) at a peculiar age. In supplying the right input at the right age, the interior force of the kid is strengthened. The gait depends upon the group of kids, and the instructor goes as fast or every bit slow as the kids require. Lots of infinite is given for the kids to reflect, express, experience each portion of their twenty-four hours. A batch of freedom is given to the kids, but boundaries are really clear and house, so the kids feel safe. Bing Supported: A As it requires a batch from instructors and kids to work with kids with particular demands, aid is ever needed. Teachers and parents work together in seeking to understand and back up the kid. Teachers and parents are supported by the Healing Departments External Therapy and Counselling, so that they are looked after, and strengthened plenty to honor their committedness. The Doctrine: A The school tallies, such that the kid is at the Centre and everyone works together, understands each other, and learns to back up each other so that the kid may mend. Besides, in each human being there lies something that needs healing/understanding/attention. In turn toing this, the whole community coming together around the kid gets healed. With every inquiry that the kid airss, we look deep in ourselves for the reply. Not so much to state, How can I repair this job? but more on the lines of Why is this job coming up? , Why is it coming to me? , Where is it coming from? , How am I making this job? , Is at that place something in me that must alter? In making this you become more witting, as a human being, and more interested in other human existences. Relationship and people become an of import portion of your work.A Age Appropriateness: A We have learnt that largely in footings of their intelligence, the kids are age appropriate. However, when it comes to reading, composing, working making something with their custodies, they lag behind a few old ages. So kids in Grade Five still write at Kindergarten Level, but the course of study finds a manner to equilibrate that. They are treated their age, but the outlooks from them change harmonizing to how much their organic structure can follow. This is non a physical disablement but more a affair of involvement and will to pattern. Their weak countries are worked on slowly and given clip a batch of accent on motion and working with the custodies, pess and organic structure. The procedure is non a speedy hole or an immediate solution. It takes clip, forbearance and requires finding and difficult work to maintain working even if you keep neglecting. Social Challenges: The biggest societal challenge is acceptance. The kids are non understood, so the kids are non accepted. And non-acceptance causes a batch of hurting for the kids and people assisting the kids. The other societal challenges are covering with the computing machine age computing machines, music systems, etc. do a break in the comfort degree of all human existences, but particularly kids with autism as they are really sensitive. Electromagnetic moving ridges from electronic media do non assist in mending the kids. Statisticss: The school serves 75 kids out of which 40 45 are kids with autism. At Kindergarten and Grade Four the kids are kept longer than a twelvemonth as they are important phases of alteration and growing for the kid which require more sensitiveness, more work, and more clip. Now, there are kids from Kindergarten to Grade Five, and besides a Pre Vocational Section ( 75 kids ) . They have an early intercession plan. The donees of this undertaking are kids who have already developed, or at hazard of developing, either a handicapping status or some other particular demand that may impact their overall development. This includes kids with Autism, Mental Retardation, Attention Deficit Disorders, Delayed Milestones, and Learning Disabilities like Dyslexia etc. They basically work on clip edge plans geared towards early societal inclusion of kids. This is attempted through one-on-one remedial intercession, centripetal integrating therapy, and a well-planned sensory diet. They have had sensible success with instances of: Behavioral Regulatory Problems Arousal, attending, affect, fond regard, temper, ordinance of slumber and feeding. Musculo Skeletal Impairments Deformities, strength, endurance Neuro-Muscular Impairments Tone, coordination, gross and all right control, motor planning, balance Centripetal Processing Difficulties Tactile, vestibular, ocular, audile, olfactive Functional Impairments Eating, mobility, self attention, occupational Cognitive Impairments Attachment, interaction, communicating, ocular perceptual experience, memory, sequencing, safety consciousness, executive map Self-help accomplishments Eating, dressing, preparing, composing, societal accomplishments and countries of day-to-day life V-Excel Center for Research and Rehabilitation ( In association with Esvi Sarada Foundation ) 50 Sreyes, M.G. Road, Shastri Nagar, Chennai 600 041 Telephone: 91-44-24522061/24521986 Electronic mail: info @ v-excel.org Shristi Special Academy Shristi Special Academy is a registered charitable organisation dedicated to the authorization of intellectually and physically deprived persons. It was founded in 1995 by Suchita Somashekaraiah, Sharon Watts and Meena Jain. A multidisciplinary squad of specializers are employed to carry on intercession programmes and to advance independency and autonomy amongst those with a scope of disablements. The autism unit focuses on the appraisal and intercessions of local kids diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and presently reach over 30 childs. The course of study includes academic instructions, societal accomplishments work and vocational preparation. The Academy has a dedicated squad who work with people from all ages, from babies to grownups. Shristi Special Academy 13/1, 9th G Main, Byraveshwarnagar, Moodalapalya, Bangalore 560072 Telephone: +91 ( 0 ) 80 2318 0318, +91 ( 0 ) 80 2318 0186 Action for Autism Action For Autism was started in 1991 to supply support services to autistic persons and their households in India, so that people with autism are able to turn to their full potency. They provide support and services to individuals with autism and work through direct services, protagonism and research in order to better lives of autistic kids and their households. Action For Autism besides assists other states in South Asia to accomplish legal acknowledgment of autism and develop services for kids and households. They offer clinical services and intercession plans, and besides have assorted active divisions for preparations, publications, research and protagonism. Action For Autism is involved in assorted intercession plans such as: Parent kid early intercession plans The unfastened door twenty-four hours school Adhaar vocational Centre On-the-job preparation programme for work behaviors Educational intercession programme The bubble category: Social accomplishments developing plan Handwriting programme Inclusive avocation categories Occupational and Sensory intercession They besides have different appraisal programmes such as: Diagnostic Appraisals Functional Assess Occupational and Sensory Appraisals AFA offers an eclectic mix of behavior based methods and structured instruction. Elementss of TEACCH, Applied behavior Analysis ( ABA ) , Verbal Behaviour Analysis ( VBA ) , assorted signifiers of Assisted and Augmentative Communication ( AAC ) including Picture Exchange Communication Systems ( PECS ) are a portion of the methods used [ 14 ] . Action for Autism Pocket 7 A ; 8, JasolaVihar, New Delhi 110025 Telephone: 91-11-65347422, 91-11-40540991, 91-11-40540992 E mail: actionforautism @ gmail.com Decision The current survey of rehabilitative techniques has shown that the rate at which the thoughts such as SCERTS, DIR and TEACCH are deriving popularity is really high. Many foundations in India are efficaciously utilizing these techniques, possibly with some alterations of their ain ; to successfully rehabilitate their wards and to assist them go active in their societal and emotional care. The addition in figure of foundations besides show the increased consciousness about upsets such as autism, which were one time extremely stigmatised. These foundations besides play a critical function in assisting these kids get accepted into the mainstream. This is conclusive that India is fast nearing the phase where autistic kids can be successfully rehabilitated and included into mainstream society.

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych Essay

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych - Essay Example Ivan knew very that he was going to die, and this forced him to re-evaluate his life in a painful manner. Ivan also asked questions and tried to hide whenever deaths, sicknesses and recoveries were mentioned in his presence and more so when the sickness resembled his own. Inevitability of death and immortality of human souls is also evident in ‘The Last Days of Socrates. In the novel, Socrates held a dialogue with Phaedo on the nature of the afterlife. Socrates offered supporting arguments on the reasons as to why soul is immortal. Socrates believed that the soul is made up of basic forms, which are eternal and unchanging and that there was a different between soul and body. He was however executed by poison hemlock an indication that death was inevitable since human bodies are mortal while human souls are immortal. Socrates says ‘...anyone who does not know, and cannot prove that the soul is immortal must be afraid, unless he is a fool’ (Plato 170). From the two s tories, it is quite evident that the acceptance of death, as well as the recognition of the unpredictable nature of life allows room for peace, joy and confidence at the moment of death. The two stories clearly show how the characters understood of the mortality of human bodies and the immortality of human souls. ... The authentic life usually cultivates mutual affirmation of human relationships, which usually break down isolation and give room for interpersonal contact. The artificial life is defined as the depreciation which usually hides the true meaning of life and leaves one terrified of death. The artificial life usually leaves people empty and alone while the authentic life fosters strength through comfort and solidarity through empathy and also creates a bond as it prepares people to meet their death. Gerasim is too confident and not afraid of death and is able to lessen the pain felt by Ivan by sharing with him. Gerasim provides spiritual support to Ivan an indication of authentic life. The virtue of authentic life is evident between Gerasim and Ivan a clear indication that authentic life is the right life. Right life is also evident in ‘The last days of Socrates’. Socrates brings in the theme of right life in the form of justice. In his dialogues, Socrates questions on the meaning of justice and whether the type of justice he went through were the right life. Socrates dialogues, which Euthypho, apology, Crito and Phaedo describes his trial as well as the execution. In his dialogue with Euthypho, Socrates finds it quite surprising on how someone would bring charges against his own father and finds it quite pious to bring charges against someone he loved. In ‘apology’ Socrates defends himself when cross examined by Meletus and said that he was to poor for him to be a sophist or a teacher of rhetoric as charged. He said it was unjust for him to be charged as his accusers were the ones who corrupted the youths and unjustly sentenced him using the laws. In his speech, Socrates said ‘...the jury has hadmany negative opinions from people about me long

Legislative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legislative Analysis - Essay Example 2454, The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, which establishes a federal cap-and-trade program to reduce GHG emissions (Key Provisions for Climate Legislation). GHG Emission the United States of America produces and emits a significant portion of GHG and helps developing Global warming throughout the world. It is estimated that of the total energy use Homes account for about 35% of the potential efficiency gains while the industrial sector accounts for 40% and the commercial sector 25%. Of the total emission of GHG in USA, California emits a robust figure of GHG. California produces roughly 1.4 percent of the world's and 6.2 percent of the total U.S., greenhouse gases (California Climate Change Portal). The state has been working on and finding solutions of impacts towards people due to climate since 1988. The executive order of 2005 issued by Arnold Schwarzenegger on climate change kicked into high gear to further advance clean renewable energy and other solutions to lower our state's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Again, most importantly, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 established the first-in-the-world comprehensive program of regulatory and market mechanisms to achieve real, quantifiable, cost-effective reductions of GHG. Provision has also been framed to prevent the unscrupulous trend of the polluters. To this end, the Act reveals that Polluters would balance out some of their emissions by purchasing carbon "offsets," which are official certificates that greenhouse gas emissions have been avoided or taken out of the air The provision of setting up a New Clean Energy Deployment Administration is certainly a wise decision to monitor and improve the overall situation. Recommendations and Concluding Remarks The biggest opportunity to improve US energy situation is a major investment program to make homes and businesses more efficient. An investment of $520 billion in improvements like sealing products and replacing inefficient appliances could produce $1.2 trillion in savings on energy bills by 2020(Galbraith, 2009). If such a program can be carried out over the next decade, the country could save around 23 % of total energy use. However, to improve the existing situation further notice on the Act and undertaking following actions are necessary. The Senator/ Government should rightly consider about the Act so that U.S. climate policy become successful in both reducing GHG emissions and addressing the cost concerns of consumers. Efforts should also be made so that framing necessary legislation is possible that reduces GHG emissions 80 percent below current emissions levels by 2050, while providing strong, effective consumer-protection measures to help reduce electricity price increases as we transition to a low-carbon future. Provisions should be made to allocate emissions allowancesto the electric power sector that will help toreduce price increases to all electricity customers-large and small, rural, urban, and suburban-without compromising environmental gains. Again, necessary steps should be undertaken to provide some allowances to that Merchant coal generators to help mitigate price increases in wholesale electricity markets. There is nothing denying that setting reasonable and

Anonymity in Theories of Crowd Behaviour

Anonymity in Theories of Crowd Behaviour Darrin Paul Explain the place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour. Is it always associated with a ‘loss of self’ (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012) Social psychology provides much information with regards to collective behaviour and the interaction of individuals within a crowd. It has been observed that an individual’s behaviour can be influenced and therefore altered when they become part of a large group or crowd. Dixon and Manhendran (2012, p.3) ‘state that anonymity shapes crowd behaviour’; to evaluate the effect of anonymity on collective behaviour, psychological and social processes need to be examined. Dose anonymity render individuals powerless to control their actions, resulting in primitive regressive behaviour as proposed by Le Bon (1895). Or is a loss of self, were crowd participants cease to identify themselves as individuals a factor of anonymity. Other theories such as social identity theory address the issue of identity and how people perceive themselves and others in a crowd, what they conform to and how they express their identity. Does anonymity within crowds inevitably lead to aggressive or antisocial behaviour or does it influence identity salience and group norms as well as strategic factors and power relations (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012)? Early research regarding collective behaviour of groups was proposed by Le Bon, he developed his theory of crowds in the latter years of the nineteenth century. Le Bon was of the opinion, that when people joined large relatively unstructured social groups, they engaged in spontaneous and atypical regressive behaviour. Le Bon proposed that crowds are ruled by a collective mind or ‘group mind’ were individual rationality is lost to a hypnotic state in which group members experience unconscious primitive instincts devoid of reason and culture. Due to an unconscious process known as contagion individuals become influenced by ideas, feelings and emotions generated within the crowd, which spreads rapidly throughout creating a collective mass, leading to a ‘loss of self’. The physical presence of others creates a sense of anonymity were the individual can feel masked, diminishing their sense of responsibility from social and moral norms, thus generating a sense of unaccountable power form their presence within the crowd. Freedman and Perlick (1979) studied the effects of laughter on crowds; they showed that mood and behaviour are likely to spread through the group via contagion (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012). Deindividuation theory proposed by Festinger, Pepitone and Newcomb (1952) is a translation of Le Bon’s theory. They defined clear antecedent variables such as anonymity and group immersion that lead to subjective changes in the individual. Deindividuation is defined as a loss of personal identity or loss of self were crowd members merge and become anonymous, rather than separate distinct individuals. This leads to weak constraints against impulsive behaviour and hence an inability to monitor or regulate the immediate demands of the group. Deindividuation theory differs from Le Bon, in that it challenges the concept of a group mind, it dose not propose that group members lose their mind to the collective mind, instead it’s the loss of self that effects the social context leading to a loss of control. The effect of anonymity releases the individual from internal moral restraints, generating behaviour that is impulsive, irrational and regressive (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p.6). Festinger et al found that males in a group, who remembered the least amount of information that was individuating, were more likely to show hostile, aggressive behaviour towards their parents (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012). Zimbardo (1969) further developed deinviduation theory, especially in relation to the association between anonymity and aggression. He believed that crowds provide a cloak of anonymity which diffuses personal responsibility for the consequences of an individuals actions. A loss of individual identity produces a reduced concern for social evaluation. Zimbardo carried out a study to support his theory; he dressed up some of his subjects in overalls and hoods and left the others in their own clothes with large name tags so they could be identified. The results appeared to support his theory, when asked to administer electric shocks in a, learning experiment, participants who had been deindividuated in hoods and overalls, gave shocks for longer periods, suggesting that anonymity had intensified aggression.Recent studies would also support Zimbardo’s findings; Silke (2003) found that statistics of paramilitary attacks in Northern Ireland showed that the severity of attacks increase d with high levels of anonymity when the perpetrators were disguised (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). However other studies have shown that anonymity does not necessarily lead to acts of aggression or anti-social behaviour. Gergen, Gergen and Barton (1973) observed strangers in mixed gender groups in well or dimly lit rooms. Their observations revealed that participants engaged in acts of physical and emotional intimacy which created feelings of sexual arousal. It would indicate that the social context of a group can produce cues that influence whether anonymity produces negative behaviour. In relation to Gergen et al’s results, Johnson and Downing (1979) replicated Zimbardos 1969 experiment giving half the subjects Ku-Klux-Klan outfits and half a nurses outfit, were each group was either anonymous or not. Results showed that participants in the anonymous nurse condition reduced the amount of shocks given compared to those in the other conditions. Zimbardo also replicated his experiment with Belgian soldiers and found that the anonymous group shocked less, the exact opposite to his previous results. These results would suggest that aggressive, anti-normative behaviour, is not always the outcome and that deindividuation may involve a desire to conform to situational group norms rather than a disregard for social regulation (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Diener (1980) observed there was a problem in expressing the relationship between deindividuation and anonymity. He proposed that anonymity does not directly lead to deindividuation and a loss of self, but a loss of self awareness. The ability to remain self focused increases the ability for self regulation and individuation, he believed that the above studies made participants become more self-aware and therefore less likely to engage in aggressive behaviour. As with most theories deindividuation has been open to criticism regarding it’s mostly lab based studies that don’t allow more naturalistic studies to increase ecological validity, taking into consideration the insider viewpoint of participant meaning and purpose. The over emphasis of aggressive anti-normative behaviour ignores the positive normative outcomes of crowds and that social norms from the immediate environment, can be the basis of controlled, meaningful behaviour (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Social identity theory adopts the concept of social identification, individuals identify with the social identity of the crowd and conform to normative group behaviour through conformity of shared group norms. The theory states that during crowd membership and other deindividuating settings, ‘the individual does not simply experience a loss of self, but makes the transition from an individual identity to a more collective sense of self’ (Dixon and Mahendran, p. 13). This shift in the sense of self is a key difference when compared to deindividuation theory. Unlike Le Bon’s concept of contagion, individuals through inductive categorisation respond to cues from group representatives that define the beliefs, attitudes and objectives of the group, resulting in behaviour that is regulated by social standards. Individual identification of intergroup relations, also effects to what extent an individual will conform to the emergent, spontaneous and normative cues of the g roup (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Reicher (1984) adopted an internal crowd perspective by examining testimonies of the St. Pauls riots which occurred in Bristol in1980 and found that black and white youths identified with one another due to police and social injustices, creating a collective social identity which created an intergroup struggle against authority. In Reicher and Stott’s (2011) study of the 2011 London anti police riots, observed that participants were not seen as anonymous, but part of a community that knew one another. They argue that ‘rioters did not experience a loss of identity or self but rather a shift to a collective shared identity which gave their actions purpose and meaning’ (as cited in Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p.19). They also point out that violence was not indiscriminate but targeted at police and symbols of authority (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Stott (2012) points out in his audio interview that the ability of crowds to express their identity is very important, especially when that ability is suppressed by police. He points out that dialogue and engagement are vital aspects of communication that are essential in creating perceptions of legitimacy in policing. This brings into consideration the influence of power relations on crowd behaviour, Holloway (1012) states that ‘it is a two way dynamic rather than something exercised by the powerful on the powerless’ (p. 47). Social identity theory outlines that manipulation of anonymity affects the power that the in-group has in expressing aspects of group norms that are deemed anti-normative by the out group, in this case the police (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). There has been a significant amount of research and studies carried out into collective crowd behaviour; resulting in evidence that membership of a crowd alters human behaviour and the psychological state of an individual. Although Le Bon’s work lacks empirical evidence it was hugely influential on crowd behaviour and the role of anonymity in understanding the psychological dynamics of crowds. But as Reicher points out he exaggerates the violent and irrational nature of crowds. Deindividuation theorists can show evidence for loss of self and the relationship between anonymity and increased intensity of aggression, however as Deiner (1980) and Prentice-Dunne and Rogers show, deindividuation does not necessarily lead to a loss of self and anti-normative behaviour. Social identity theory provides evidence of the role of social identity in collective crowd actions that express group norms, but does not see the role of anonymity as a negative aspect of crowd relations. It would app ear that further research is required to develop a more comprehensive theoretical model than can explain the relation between anonymity, and identity in group relations. Word count: 1625 References: Dixon, J., Mahendran, k. (2012). Crowds In Hollway, W., Lucey, H., Phoenix, A., and Lewis, G. (eds). Social Psychology Matters (p.1-22). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Stott, C. (2012). Assessment of the 2011 riots. Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Enterprise rent a car

Enterprise Rent-A-Car has defined its service much differently than that of the typical national car rental companies. Their idea and technique of personal service, by treating the customers like neighbors more so than clients is what makes this company so unique and successful. They are industry leaders in fleet size and market presence. The company's president, Andy Taylor, stated in his motto â€Å"if you put the customers first they will be satisfied and come back, followed by employees who are well informed and part of a team atmosphere.If you put the customers and employees first the bottom line will happen†. The company's service concept focuses on three key benefits for the customer. The first benefit is their enormous form of convenience due to nearby locations. Second, the luxury of being picked up and dropped off at one's own home, office, or repair shop – free of charge. Third, are their outstanding rates that cannot be beat, as well as their exceptional sel ection of vehicles. 2. Enterprise Rent-A-Car possesses several advantageous features that give hem a leg up on the competition.Since the beginning, their market focus has been on the replacement segment. This includes customers who need a car because of an accident, routine maintenance, or theft. In addition is the discretionary segment, which includes people who use their services for short business, leisure, and other special occasion trips. The company's â€Å"pick up and drop off' feature is what sets them above their competition. Enterprise Rent-A-Car has offices located within 15 minutes of 90% of the U. S. opulation – a highlight of their extreme focus on convenience.Although Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers a lot of the same choice in car selection as other companies, their main objective is to keep the customer entirely satisfied. As it was from the start according to Andy Taylor, their loyalty to customers is the key reason why so much of the Enterprise's energy goes i nto recruiting, hiring, and training a well-informed and helpful staff of personnel. 3. The service profit chain model can be used to emphasize the success of Enterprise Rent-A-Car as a whole.The first part of the model is the internal service quality, which describes the environment in which employee's work, the selection and development, rewards and recognition, access to information to serve the customers' needs, and Job design. This goes back to Taylor's idea of keeping a happy, well-informed staff that will provide the best service possible. The employee's loyalty to the company will shine through in their service and output quality by tending to the customers' needs in an efficient and effective manner.The result is satisfied customers and an overall increase in profitability for the company. Enterprise Rent-A-Car's technique in hiring practices targets the young college student; one who generally has been a part of an organization such as a sporting team or fraternitysorority . This is primarily because of hisher ability to be a â€Å"people person†: someone able to speak well to service managers in addition to calm down a customer who has Just been in an accident. A strong devoted group of employees is what makes up the internal service of the ompany.According to the service profit chain model, this subsequently leads to the service value, which drives customer satisfaction. Customer value is measured by comparing results received to the total costs incurred in obtaining the service. The all time high – increasing their service value and lowering their costs. The staff of Enterprise Rent-A-Car exudes hospitality, which is necessary when performing a service and expecting satisfied customers. Despite their highly personalized service,Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers rates that are often 30% lower than those of its competitors. The service concept and the company's ever growing success is causation of their customer loyalty. Their service to mee t the targeted customers' needs is what results in lifetime value, retention, and referrals. As of today, the company has over 12 million vehicles and annual revenue of $14. 1 billion. This fact in itself displays how the service profit chain model has worked for this company throughout their many years in existence.